Targeting cellular signaling pathways in cancer by Lactobacilli

Purpose: Presenting lactobacilli therapy for cancer treatment targeting cancer signaling Lactobacilli as Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of fermentative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that produces a large number of intracellular and extracellular metabolites used in the food manufacture industry as well as complementary and alternative medicines against many diseases including cancer. Description: Some LAB has been found to have inhibitory activity against colon liver cancer, cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer in vivo or in vitro. These fermentative bacteria induced the autophagy cell death either by GRP78 and Beclin-1 or by induction of Bak and Bcl-2 as well as boosted the apoptosis induction ability of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). They also participate in the downregulation of the gene product of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), controlling the cell proliferation (Cox-2, cyclin D1) and survival (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) which help to stop cancer. They are tested in vitro/in-vivo as whole live cells, fermentative broth, or purified molecules and found to associate with cellular signaling pathways such as the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, Stat3/IL-6, NF-κB signaling pathway that is involved in cancer. Looking Ahead: The pathways associated with metabolic activities of intestinal microflora, bile acid-metabolizing bacteria colon conditions, and enhancing the host\u27s immune response. Thus, the anticancer therapeutic potential of bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. reuteri, L. acidophilus, and L. rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum and L. acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophiles, LTA-deficient L. acidophilus, Pediococcus pentosaceus FP3, L. salivarius FP25, Enterococcus faecium FP51 could be benefited for the cancer treatment either by use of themselves bacteria or their metabolites targeting cancer signaling

Linguistic Variation across Press Reportage in Pakistani Print Media: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis

Press reportage in Pakistani English newspapers is a great source of public education. It narrates every topic ranging from news to literature. The present study tries to explore the linguistic variation across press reportage in Pakistani print media by conducting multi-dimensional analysis based on Biber's (1988) textual dimensions, which is regarded as the best alternative approach to analyzing register variation studies. Statistical linguistic differences have been found among newspapers on each sub-category of Pakistani press reportage on Biber's (1988) textual dimensions. The analysis of the study reveal that the language of The Frontier Post newspaper is most distinct on all Biber's (1988) textual dimensions. Findings also reveal, that unlike British Press reportage, Pakistani press reportage is more informational, narrative, explicit, covert in persuasion and there is more abstract discourse production

GIS-based Analysis and Modelling with Empirical and Remotely-Sensed Data on Coastline Advance and Retreat

With the understanding that far more research remains to be done on the development and use of innovative and functional geospatial techniques and procedures to investigate coastline changes this thesis focussed on the integration of remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS) and modelling techniques to provide meaningful insights on the spatial and temporal dynamics of coastline changes. One of the unique strengths of this research was the parameterization of the GIS with long-term empirical and remote sensing data. Annual empirical data from 1941û2007 were analyzed by the GIS, and then modelled with statistical techniques. Data were also extracted from Landsat TM and ETM+ images. The band ratio method was used to extract the coastlines. Topographic maps were also used to extract digital map data. All data incorporated into ArcGIS 9.2 were analyzed with various modules, including Spatial Analyst, 3D Analyst, and Triangulated Irregular Networks. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System was used to analyze and predict rates of coastline change. GIS results showed the spatial locations along the coast that will either advance or retreat over time. The linear regression results highlighted temporal changes which are likely to occur along the coastline. Box-Jenkins modelling procedures were utilized to determine statistical models which best described the time series (1941û2007) of coastline change data. After several iterations and goodness-of-fit tests, second-order spatial cyclic autoregressive models, first-order autoregressive models and autoregressive moving average models were identified as being appropriate for describing the deterministic and random processes operating in GuyanaÆs coastal system. The models highlighted not only cyclical patterns in advance and retreat of the coastline, but also the existence of short and long-term memory processes. Long-term memory processes could be associated with mudshoal propagation and stabilization while short-term memory processes were indicative of transitory hydrodynamic and other processes. An innovative framework for a spatio-temporal information-based system (STIBS) was developed. STIBS incorporated diverse datasets within a GIS, dynamic computer-based simulation models, and a spatial information query and graphical subsystem. Tests of the STIBS proved that it could be used to simulate and visualize temporal variability in shifting morphological states of the coastline

Axisymmetric stagnation-point flow of a third-grade fluid over a lubricated surface

In this article, axisymmetric stagnation-point flow of a third-grade fluid over a disk lubricated with a power law fluid is considered. Due to thin lubrication layer of variable thickness, third-grade fluid experiences a partial slip on the surface. The flow problem is governed through a system of nonlinear partial differential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. A nonsimilar solution is presented in this article by implementing hybrid homotopy analysis method. This method combines the features of homotopy analysis and shooting methods. The results varying from no-slip to full-slip case are discussed under the influence of pertinent parameters

Identification and Statistical Analysis of Landuse and Land Cover Patterns in Southern Haripur Tehsil, KPK with Techniques of Remote Sensing and GIS

This research was carried out to digitize and interpret the land use and land cover patterns of the southern Haripur tehsil with remote sensing and Geographical Information System techniques. Interpretation was done with the topographical map of Haripur district and online images of Landsat 7, 2012, Google earth 2016 and zoom level image of Landsat 8, 2015 (Urban unit, 2015). Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates were collected via field work for ground verification of the features. For statistical analysis, Arc GIS 9.3 and Excel sheet 2010 was used. From the analysis it was found that the maximum agricultural area was 265.47 sq.km. The other two classes i.e. railway station and river bars covered minimum area of 0.01 sq.km. In this paper it was found the maximum area was covered by the agricultural land that was 265.47sq.km. The two other classes i.e. railway stations and river bars which covered a minimum area (0.01 sq.km). An area of 46.02 sq.km was without cover

Neurobehavioral and Biochemical Effects Of Choline Chloride Administration in Rats

Background and Objective: Choline is an essential nutrient related to vitamin B complex activity. It can be received through different food sources. It is an important component of acetylcholine which is involved in different brain functions. The present study is designed to assess the behavioral effects of choline chloride in animal models. Methods:This case-control study was performed in the Department of Biochemistry, Federal Urdu University, Karachi for eight months from May 2022 to December 2022. Twenty-four adult male albino Wister rats were divided into four groups, one control and three test groups. Choline chloride dissolved in saline was given intraperitoneally at 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml to the test groups respectively, and saline was given to the control animals for two weeks. Memory and depression-like symptoms were monitored. Morris water maze and brain acetylcholine levels were used for memory functions and force swimming test was performed to monitor depression-like symptoms. Results:The present study showed significantly improving memory functions and increase in immobility time exhibited by choline-treated rats indicating depression-like symptoms in rats. The present investigation also shows that serum level as well as glucose level increase in dose dependent manners. Increased depression-like symptoms may be attributed due to onset of diabetes or increased glucose concentration. Conclusion: In conclusion choline administration at different doses (25mg/ml, 50mg/ml, and 100mg/ml) produces behavioral and biochemical effects in rats

Frequency distribution of HCV genotypes among chronic hepatitis C patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotypes frequency is important for the predication of response to therapy and duration of treatment. Despite variable response rates experienced in the case of Interferon (IFN) -based therapies, there was scarcity of data on HCV genotypes frequency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK).</p> <p>Study Design</p> <p>A total of 200 blood samples were collected from chronic HCV patients prior to the initiation of anti-viral therapy. The study population included patients from 6 districts of KPK. Active HCV infection was confirmed in case of all the patients by real time PCR. HCV genotypes were determined in each case by Type-specific PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The analysis revealed that out of 200 PCR positive samples; 78 (39%) were 2a, 62 (31%) were 3a, 16 (8%) were 3b, 34 (17%) were untypable while 1a, 2b and 1b were 3 (1.5%), 2 (1%) and 5 (2.5%), respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Genotype determination is not carried out prior to therapy in KPK. Although, the abundantly prevalent types (2a and 3a) of HCV in KPK are susceptible to combination therapy, yet resistance experienced in some of the chronic HCV patients may partly be attributed to the prevalence of less prevalent resistant genotypes (1a, 1b) of HCV among the population.</p